Composite materials are created by combining two or more different materials to achieve enhanced properties.
Why are composite materials created?
They are created to bring together the best characteristics of their constituent components, forming a material superior to any of the individual materials alone.
What are the two main components of composite materials?
The two main components are the matrix substance and the reinforcing substance.
What is the function of the matrix substance in composite materials?
The matrix surrounds and binds the reinforcing substance, providing shape, transferring stress, and protecting the composite from environmental damage.
Give two examples of matrix substances.
Polymers, metals, and ceramics are examples of matrix substances.
What is the role of the reinforcing substance in composite materials?
It enhances specific properties such as strength, stiffness, or toughness.
List three examples of reinforcing substances.
Glass fibres, carbon fibres, and ceramic particles.
What are the components of reinforced concrete?
Reinforced concrete consists of concrete, steel bars, and wire mesh.
Why is reinforced concrete stronger than regular concrete?
The steel reinforcement provides tensile strength, while concrete provides compressive strength, making it strong and durable.
What is the main function of optical fibres?
Optical fibres transmit data in the form of light signals.
Name one key characteristic of optical fibres.
Optical fibres have high data transmission capacity and low signal loss.
What are photochromic glasses composed of?
They are made by incorporating silver chloride (AgCl) and copper(I) chloride (CuCl) into the silica matrix.
What happens to photochromic glass when exposed to UV light?
It darkens, reducing glare.
What is the key function of superconductors?
They conduct electricity with no resistance at very low temperatures.
Give one application of superconductors.
They are used in high-speed trains, medical equipment, and particle accelerators.
Why are composite materials lightweight and strong?
They combine materials in a way that enhances strength while keeping weight low.
What is meant by the “synergistic effect” in composite materials?
It means the properties of the composite are greater than the sum of the properties of the individual materials.
What property of composites makes them useful in aerospace applications?
Their lightweight nature combined with high strength and durability.
What role does the interface play in composite materials?
It is where bonding and load transfer occur, influencing the composite’s properties.
How can the properties of composite materials be tailored?
By changing the matrix and reinforcing substances.
Explanation Questions
How does reinforced concrete combine different material properties to enhance strength?
Concrete provides high compressive strength, while the steel reinforcement adds tensile strength, making the structure more durable.
Why are composite materials widely used in medical applications?
They offer durability, lightweight properties, and biocompatibility, making them ideal for prosthetics and implants.
Explain why optical fibres are preferred over copper wires for data transmission.
Optical fibres have high data transmission capacity, low signal loss, and are immune to electromagnetic interference.
What makes superconductors unique compared to other conductive materials?
They exhibit zero electrical resistance at low temperatures, allowing highly efficient energy transfer.
How does the structure of a composite material affect its properties?
The arrangement and bonding of the reinforcing substance within the matrix determine the material's strength, stiffness, and toughness.
Why are composite materials important in automotive industries?
They reduce vehicle weight, improve fuel efficiency, and enhance safety.
What is the advantage of using photochromic glass in eyewear?
It automatically adjusts transparency based on light conditions, providing comfort and glare reduction.
Why do composite materials have a high strength-to-weight ratio?
They combine strong reinforcing substances with lightweight matrices.
How does tailoring the properties of composite materials benefit different industries?
It allows engineers to create materials suited for specific applications, enhancing performance and efficiency.
What is the relationship between load transfer and the reinforcing substance in composite materials?
The matrix transfers load to the reinforcing substance, improving the composite’s overall strength.