Food additives are substances added to food to enhance flavour, appearance, texture, shelf life, or nutritional quality.
What is the main function of preservatives in food?
Preservatives prevent or slow down the growth of microorganisms, extending the shelf life of food.
Give two examples of preservatives used in food.
Sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) and sodium benzoate (C₆H₅COONa).
What is the function of antioxidants in food?
Antioxidants prevent the oxidation of fats and oils, which can cause rancidity, off-flavours, and colour changes.
Give an example of a natural antioxidant.
Vitamin E (α-tocopherol).
What is a common synthetic antioxidant used in processed foods?
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
What do flavour enhancers do?
Flavour enhancers improve or intensify the taste of food without having a strong flavour of their own.
Give an example of a flavour enhancer.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG).
What is the purpose of stabilisers in food?
Stabilisers help maintain the texture and consistency of food by preventing separation of ingredients.
Give an example of a stabiliser used in food products.
Gelatin.
What is the function of emulsifiers in food?
Emulsifiers help mix oil and water-based ingredients, preventing them from separating.
Give an example of an emulsifier.
Lecithin.
What is the role of food colourings?
Food colourings enhance or add colour to food to make it more visually appealing.
Give an example of a natural food colouring.
Turmeric.
What are thickening agents used for in food?
Thickening agents increase the viscosity and consistency of food products, making them thicker.
Give an example of a thickening agent used in food.
Pectin.
What are some common health concerns associated with food additives?
Hyperactivity in children, allergic reactions, increased risk of diseases, and potential carcinogenic effects.
Why are nitrates and nitrites in processed meats a health concern?
They can form nitrosamines in the stomach, which are potentially carcinogenic.
Which food additive is linked to hyperactivity in children?
Certain synthetic food colourings, such as tartrazine.
Why is food labelling important for food additives?
Labelling allows consumers to make informed choices about the additives present in their food.
Explanation Questions
Why do processed foods require preservatives while fresh foods do not?
Processed foods need preservatives to prevent spoilage during storage and transportation, while fresh foods are consumed quickly and do not require long-term preservation.
Why do antioxidants help prevent rancidity in food products?
Antioxidants prevent oxidation, which can cause fats and oils to break down, resulting in unpleasant odours and flavours.
Why are artificial sweeteners used instead of sugar in diet products?
Artificial sweeteners provide sweetness without the added calories of sugar, making them suitable for weight management and diabetic-friendly products.
Why is excessive consumption of MSG a health concern?
High levels of MSG intake have been linked to headaches, nausea, and other health issues in sensitive individuals.
Why do food manufacturers use emulsifiers in processed foods?
Emulsifiers allow oil and water-based ingredients to remain mixed, improving texture and stability in food products such as mayonnaise and salad dressings.
Why are some food additives banned in certain countries?
Some additives have been linked to health risks such as cancer, allergies, or hyperactivity, leading to their restriction or ban in certain countries.
Why do some people experience allergic reactions to food additives?
Certain food additives, such as artificial colourings or preservatives, can trigger immune responses in sensitive individuals, leading to allergic reactions.
Why are phosphates in processed foods a concern for health?
Excessive phosphate intake has been linked to kidney disease, bone health issues, and cardiovascular problems.
Why are natural food colourings preferred over synthetic ones?
Natural food colourings are derived from plant and animal sources, making them less likely to cause allergic reactions or health risks compared to synthetic dyes, some of which have been linked to hyperactivity and other health concerns.
Why is it important for food additives to be regulated by health authorities?
Regulation ensures that food additives are safe for consumption, used in appropriate amounts, and do not pose health risks such as toxicity, allergies, or long-term adverse effects.