5.1.4 Formation of Positive Ions

1. Usually, the atom of metals consists of 1, 2 or 3 valence electrons.
2. In order to achieve octet electrons arrangement, the atoms will release the valence electrons.
3. After releasing the valence electrons, the protons in the nucleus will outnumber the electrons. As a result, positive ions formed.

Example: Formation of Ion with +1 Charge

(A sodium atom release one electron to form a sodium ion with +1 charge)

Example: Formation of Ion with +2 Charge

(A magnesium atom release one electron to form a sodium ion with +2 charge)

Example: Formation of Ion with +3 Charge

(An aluminium atom release one electron to form a sodium ion with +3 charge)