SPM Form 4 Chemistry

6.3 Strength of Acids and Alkali
2 Topics | 1 Quiz
6.3.1 Strength of Acids/Alkalis
6.3 Strength of Acids and Alkalis
6.3.1 Strength of Acids and Alkalis
6.4 Chemical Properties of Acids and Alkalis
5 Topics | 4 Quizzes
6.4.1 Chemical Properties of Acids
6.4.2 Writing Ionic Equation of the Reactions of Acids
6.4.3 Chemical Properties of Bases/Alkalis
6.4.4 Oxide: Basic, Acidic, Neutral, or Amphoteric
6.4 Chemical Properties of Acids and Alkalis
6.4.1 Understanding Acids 1
6.4.2 Understanding Acids 2
6.4.3 Understanding Alkalis I
6.4.4 Understanding Alkalis II
6.5 Concentration of Aqueous Solution
6 Topics | 2 Quizzes
6.5.1 Solute, Solvent and Solution
6.5.2 Concentration of Solution
6.5.3 Conversion of the Unit of Concentration
6.5.4 Molarity and Number of Moles
6.5.5 Molarity and the pH Value of Acid or Alkali
6.5.6 Concentration of Acid
6.5.1 Concentration of Solutions
6.5.2 Dilution and Stoichiometry Calculation
6.6 Standard Solution
2 Topics
6.6.1 Preparing Standard Solutions
6.6.2 Dilution
6.7 Neutralisation
1 Topic
6.7 Neutralisation
6.8 Salts, Crystals and Their Uses in Daily Life
3 Topics | 1 Quiz
6.8.1 Understanding salts
6.8.2 Uses of Salts
6.8 Salts, Crystals and Their Uses in Life
6.8.1 Salts and Their Uses
6.9 Preparation of Salts
5 Topics | 2 Quizzes
6.9.1 Preparing Soluble Salts
6.9.2 Preparing Salts of Potassium, Sodium and Ammonium
6.9.3 Preparing Salts of Non-“Potassium, Sodium and Ammonium”
6.9.4 Preparing Insoluble Salts
6.9 Preparation of Salts
6.9.1 Preparing Salts 1
6.9.2 Preparing Salts 2
6.10 Effect sof Heat on Salts
3 Topics
6.10.1 Identifying Gases
6.10.2 Heating Effect on Carbonate Salts
6.10 Action of Heat on Salts
6.11 Qualitative Analysis
6 Topics | 2 Quizzes
6.11.1 Colour of Ions
6.11.2 Analysing Solubility
6.11.3 Identifying Anions
6.11.4 Identifying Cations
6.11.5 Tests to Distinguish Iron(II) and Iron(III) ions
6.11 Qualitative Analysis
6.11.1 Qualitative Analysis 1
6.11.2 Qualitative Analysis 2
07 Rate of Reaction
7.1 Determining Rate of Reaction
5 Topics | 3 Quizzes
7.1.1 Average Rate of Reaction – Measurable Quantities
7.1.2 Average Rate of Reaction – Immeasurable Quantities
7.1.3 Average Rate of Reaction from a Graph
7.1.4 Instantaneous Rate of Reaction from a Graph
7.1 Determining Rate of Reaction
7.1.1 Introduction to Rate of Reaction
7.1.2 Finding the Rate of Reaction
7.1.3 Reactant/Product-Time Graph
7.2 Factors Affecting Rate of Reactions
7 Topics | 1 Quiz
7.2.1 Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction
7.2.2 Total Surface Area
7.2.3 Concentration of Reactants
7.2.4 Temperature of the Reactant
7.2.5 Presence of Catalyst
7.2.6 Pressure of Gas
7.2 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
7.2.1 Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction
7.3 Application of Factors that Affect the Rate of Reaction in Daily Life
2 Topics
7.3.1 Applications of Rate of Reaction
7.3 Application of Factors Affecting Reaction Rates in Life
7.4 Collision Theory
2 Topics | 1 Quiz
7.4.1 Collision Theory
7.4 Collision Theory
7.4.1 Collision Theory and Application of Rate of Reaction
08 Manufacture Substances in Industries
8.1 Alloy and Its Importance
6 Topics | 1 Quiz
8.1.1 Alloy
8.1.2 Copper Based Alloy
8.1.3 Iron Based Alloy
8.1.4 Aluminium Base Alloy
8.1.5 Tin Based Alloy
8.1 Alloys and Their Importance
8.1.1 Alloys
8.2 Composition of Glass and Its Uses
2 Topics | 1 Quiz
8.2.1 Glass
8.2 Glass Composition and Its Uses
8.2.1 Glass and Ceramic
8.3 Composition of Ceramics and Its Uses
2 Topics
8.3.1 Ceramics
8.3 Ceramic Composition and Its Uses
8.4 Composite Materials and Its Importance
2 Topics | 1 Quiz
8.4.1 Composite Materials
8.4 Composite Materials and Their Importance
8.4.1 Composite Materials
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6.4.3 Chemical Properties of Bases/Alkalis

SPM Form 4 Chemistry 6.4 Chemical Properties of Acids and Alkalis 6.4.3 Chemical Properties of Bases/Alkalis

Chemical Properties of Bases/Alkalis

  1. Alkalis react with acids to form a salt and water — this is a neutralisation reaction:
  2. Alkalis, when warmed with ammonium salts, give off ammonia gas:

Reaction between Alkalis and Acids

Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water

Example:
Potassium hydroxide + Nitric Acid → Potassium Nitrate + Water

KOH + HNO3  → KNO3  +  H2O

Alkali heat with Ammonium Salts

Ammonium Salt + Alkali → Salt + Ammonia + Water


Example:
Ammonium Chloride + Sodium Hydroxide → Sodium chloride + Water + Ammonia

NH4Cl + NaOH → NaCl +  H2O + NH3

More examples:

2NH4Cl +    Ca(OH)2  → CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3
(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH→ Na2SO4 + 2H2O+ 2NH3

Ammonia as an Alkali

  1. By nature, ammonia is a covalent compound.
  2. Ammonia exists as gas at room temperature.
  3. Ammonia gas is soluble in water.
  4. Physical properties of ammonia:
    1. Pungent smell
    2. Colourless
    3. Turn litmus from red to blue
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