A polymer is a large molecule (macromolecule) made up of many repeating smaller units called monomers, linked by covalent bonds.
What is a monomer?
A monomer is a small molecule that can chemically bond with other monomers to form a polymer.
What is polymerisation?
Polymerisation is the process by which monomers chemically bond together to form a polymer.
What are the two main types of polymerisation?
Addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation.
Give an example of a natural polymer and its monomer.
Starch is a natural polymer, and its monomer is glucose.
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids.
Give an example of a synthetic polymer and its monomer.
Polyethene (PE), with the monomer ethene.
What is the difference between thermoplastics and thermosets?
Thermoplastics soften when heated and can be reshaped, whereas thermosets become permanently hard when heated and cannot be reshaped.
What is an elastomer?
An elastomer is a polymer that exhibits elastic properties, meaning it can stretch and return to its original shape.
Give an example of a thermoplastic polymer.
Polyethene (PE) is a thermoplastic polymer.
Give an example of a thermosetting polymer.
Bakelite is a thermosetting polymer.
Give an example of an elastomer.
Natural rubber (polyisoprene).
What happens during addition polymerisation?
Monomers with double bonds (C=C) link together to form a polymer, without the elimination of any small molecules.
What happens during condensation polymerisation?
Monomers join together to form a polymer, with the elimination of a small molecule such as water (H₂O) or hydrogen chloride (HCl).
What is the monomer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
Vinyl chloride.
What is the monomer of polyester?
An ester.
What is the monomer of nylon?
An amide.
Which polymer is commonly used in clothing and fabrics?
Polyester.
Which polymer is used for making pipes and wire insulation?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Which polymer is used to make plastic bottles?
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Explanation Questions
Why are thermoplastics useful in manufacturing?
Thermoplastics can be melted and reshaped multiple times, making them ideal for recycling and manufacturing various plastic products like bottles and containers.
Why can thermosetting polymers not be reshaped once set?
Thermosetting polymers form strong cross-links between polymer chains when heated, creating a rigid, three-dimensional structure that cannot be reshaped.
Why are elastomers used in products like rubber bands and tires?
Elastomers have loosely linked polymer chains that allow them to stretch and return to their original shape, making them suitable for flexible and durable applications.
Why is addition polymerisation useful for making plastics?
Addition polymerisation allows simple monomers like ethene to form strong, lightweight, and versatile plastics like polyethene, which are used in many everyday products.
Why does condensation polymerisation release a small molecule during the reaction?
Condensation polymerisation involves the joining of monomers through covalent bonds, eliminating a small molecule like water (H₂O) or hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the process.
Why is nylon a good material for making ropes and clothing?
Nylon is strong, lightweight, and resistant to wear, making it ideal for durable products like ropes, clothing, and parachutes.
Why is polyester commonly used in textiles?
Polyester is wrinkle-resistant, durable, and quick-drying, making it a popular choice for clothing and fabrics.
Why is polystyrene used for packaging materials?
Polystyrene is lightweight, insulating, and impact-resistant, making it ideal for protective packaging and disposable containers.
Why are polymers important in everyday life?
Polymers are used in countless applications, including packaging, clothing, construction, medical devices, and electronics, due to their versatile properties.
Why is PVC commonly used in plumbing and electrical insulation?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is strong, durable, and resistant to water, chemicals, and corrosion. It is also an excellent electrical insulator, making it ideal for plumbing pipes and wire insulation.