SPM Form 5 Chemistry

01 Redox Equilibrium
1.1 Oxidation and reduction
9 Topics | 12 Quizzes
1.1.1 Redox Reaction in Terms of Gain and Loss of Oxygen/Hydrogen
1.1.1.1 Oxidation and Reduction in Term of Gain or Loss Oxygen/Hydrogen – T/F
1.1.1.2 Oxidation and Reduction in Term of Gain or Loss Oxygen/Hydrogen MCQ
1.1.2 Redox Reaction in Terms of Transfer of Electron
1.1.2.1 Oxidation and Reduction in Term of Gain or Loss Electron MCQ
1.1.3 Redox Reaction in Terms of Change of Oxidation Number
1.1.3.1 Oxidation Number MCQ
1.1.3.2 Change of Oxidation Number MCQ
1.1.3.3 Oxidation and Reduction in Term of Change of Oxidation Number MCQ
1.1.4 Redox Reaction
1.1.4.1 Redox Reaction MCQ
1.1.4.2 Commonly Used Oxidising Agent and Reducing Agent MCQ
1.1.5 Examples of Redox Reaction – Change of Iron(II) Ion to Iron(III) Ion and Vice Versa
1.1.5.1 Inter-conversion of Fe2+ and Fe3+ MCQ
1.1.6 Examples of Redox Reaction – Displacement of Metal
1.1.6.1 Displacement Reactions of Metals MCQ
1.1.7 Examples of Redox Reaction – Displacement of Halogen
@1.1.7.1 Displacement Reaction Halogen MCQ
1.1.8 Transfer of Electrons from One Point to Another
@1.1.8.1 Transfer of Electrons from One Point to Another MCQ
9.1 Oxidation and Reduction
1.2 Standard electrode potential
2 Topics | 1 Quiz
1.2.1 Standard Electrode Potential
@1.2.1.1 The Electrochemical Series MCQ
9.2 Standard Electrode Potential
1.3 Voltaic cell
4 Topics | 2 Quizzes
1.3.1 Voltaic Cell – Simple Cell
1.3.2 Daniel Cell
1.3.3 Cell with Salt Bridge
9.3 Chemical Cells (Voltaic/Galvanic Cells)
@1.3.1 Voltaic Cell 1 MCQ
@1.3.2 Voltaic Cell 2 MCQ
1.4 Electrolytic cell
8 Topics | 3 Quizzes
1.4.1 Electrolytic Cell
1.4.2 Electrolysis of Molten Ionic Compound
1.4.3 Electrolysis of Aqueous Solution
1.4.4 Factors Affecting the Selective Discharge – Electrochemical Series
1.4.5 Factors Affecting the Selective Discharge – Concentration
1.4.6 Factors Affecting the Selective Discharge – Types of Electrode
1.4.7 Industrial Applications of Electrolysis
9.4 Electrolytic Cells
@1.4.1 Electrolytes MCQ
@1.4.2 Electrolysis MCQ
@1.4.3 Applications of Electrolysis MCQ
1.5 Extraction of metal from its ore
5 Topics | 1 Quiz
1.5.1 Series of Reactivity of Metals
1.5.2 Position of Carbon in The Series of Reactivity of Metals
1.5.3 Position of Hydrogen in The Series of Reactivity of Metals
1.5.4 Extraction of Metals from Their Ores
9.5 Extraction of Metals from Their Ores
@1.5.1 Reactivity Series MCQ
1.6 Rusting
3 Topics | 1 Quiz
1.6.1 Corrosion as a Redox Reaction
1.6.2 Prevention of Rusting
9.6 Corrosion
@1.6.1 Rusting MCQ
02 Carbon Compounds
2.1 Types of carbon compounds
3 Topics | 1 Quiz
2.1.1 Carbon Compound
2.1.2 Hydrocarbon
10.1 Types of carbon compounds
@2.1.1 Carbon Compounds
2.2 Homologous series
11 Topics | 3 Quizzes
2.2.1 Homologous Series
2.2.2 Alkane
2.2.3 Physical Properties of Alkanes
2.2.4 Alkene
2.2.5 Physical Properties of Alkenes
2.2.6 Alcohol
2.2.7 Physical Properties of Alkohols
2.2.8 Carboxylic Acid
2.2.9 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
2.2.10 Ester
10.2 Homologous Series
@2.2.1 Alkanes
@2.2.2 Alkenes
@2.2.3 Alcohols
2.3 Chemical properties and interconversion of compounds between homologous series
11 Topics | 4 Quizzes
2.3.1 Chemical Properties of Alkanes
2.3.2 Preparing Alkene
2.3.3 Chemical Properties of Alkenes
2.3.4 Polymerisation of Alkenes
2.3.5 Differences Between Alkane and Alkene
2.3.6 Preparing Alkohol
2.3.7 Chemical Properties of Alkohol
2.3.8 Uses of Alcohols
2.3.9 Preparing Carboxylic Acids
2.3.10 Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
10.3 Chemical Properties and Interchangeability Between Homologous Series
@2.3.1 Reactions of Alkenes 1
@2.3.2 Reactions of Alkenes 2
@2.3.3 Reactions of Alcohols
@2.3.4 Carboxylic Acids
2.4 Isomers and naming based on IUPAC nomenclature
4 Topics | 1 Quiz
2.4.1 Isomerism
2.4.2 Isomerism of Alkenes
2.4.3 Isomers of Alcohol
10.4 Isomers and Naming According to IUPAC Nomenclature
@2.4.1 Isomers
03 Thermochemistry
3.1 Heat change in reactions
6 Topics | 1 Quiz
3.1.1 Energy Changes in Chemical Reaction
3.1.2 Exothermic Reactions
3.1.3 Endothermic Reactions
3.1.4 Energy Level Diagram
3.1.5 Energy Changes and Formations of Chemical Bonds
11.1 Heat Changes in Reactions
@3.1.1 Change of Energy in Chemical Reaction
3.2 Heat of reaction
8 Topics | 4 Quizzes
3.2.1 Heat of Reaction
3.2.2 Calculating Heat Change
3.2.3 Finding Heat of Reaction
3.2.4 Heat of Precipitation
3.2.5 Heat of Displacement
3.2.6 Heat of Neutralization
3.2 Mole Concept
11.2 Heat of Reaction
@3.2.1 Heat of Reaction
@3.2.2 Heat of Precipitation
@3.2.3 Heat of Displacement
@3.2.4 Heat of Neutralisation
3.3 Application of exothermic and endothermic reactions in daily life
1 Topic
11.3 Applications of Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions in Daily Life
04 Polymers
4.1 Polymer
6 Topics | 1 Quiz
4.1.1 Polymer
4.1.2 Polymerisation
4.1.3 Plastics
4.1.4 Synthetic Fibre
4.1.5 Issues in Using Synthetic Polymers
12.1 Polymers
@4.1.1 Synthetic Polymers
4.2 Natural rubber
2 Topics
4.2.1 Natural Rubber
12.2 Natural Rubber
4.3 Synthetic rubber
2 Topics
4.3.1 Synthetic Rubber
12.3 Synthetic Rubber
05 Consumer and Industrial Chemistry
5.1 Oils and fats
2 Topics
5.1.1 Fats and Oils
13.1 Oils and Fats
5.2 Cleaning agents
7 Topics | 2 Quizzes
5.2.1 Soap
5.2.2 Cleaning Effect of Soaps
5.2.4 Detergent
5.2.5 The Making of Detergent
5.2.6 Effectiveness of Detergent
5.2.7 Additive in Detergent
13.2 Cleaning Agents
@5.2.1 Soap
@5.2.2 Detergent
5.3 Food additives
6 Topics | 1 Quiz
5.3.1 Food Additive
5.3.2 Preservative
5.3.3 Colorants/Dyes
5.3.4 Stabilizer
5.3.5 Flavouring Agent and Sweeteners
13.3 Food Additives
@5.3.1 Food Additive
5.4 Medicines and cosmetics
1 Topic | 2 Quizzes
13.4 Medicines and Cosmetics
@5.4.1 Medicine 1
@5.4.2 Medicine 2
5.5 Application of nanotechnology in industry
2 Topics
5.5.1 Application of nanotechnology in industry
13.5 Nanotechnology
5.6 Application of Green Technology in industrial waste management
2 Topics
5.6.1 Application of Green Technology in industrial waste management
13.6 Green Technology
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2.1.2 Hydrocarbon

SPM Form 5 Chemistry 2.1 Types of carbon compounds 2.1.2 Hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbon

MUST Remember!
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
Saturated Hydrocarbon
Saturated Hydrocarbon
      1. Hydrocarbon is a compound made out of the elements carbon and hydrogen only.
      2. Examples of hydrocarbon are alkane, alkene and alkyne. 
      3. Hydrocarbons can be divided into two groups:
        1. saturated hydrocarbon
          Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons where all its carbon atoms are tied to each other through single covalent bond only. Examples: alkanes
        2. unsaturated hydrocarbon
          Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons which contain at least one double covalent bond among its carbon atoms. Examples: alkenes
    Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
    1. Ethanol ( C2H5OH ), ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), metal methanoate (HCOOCH3), chloromethane (CH3Cl) and others are not hydrocarbons because the molecule contains other elements such as chlorine or oxygen other than carbon and hydrogen.

    MUST Know!

    • Saturated – All single bond between carbons 
    • Unsaturated – Has at least one double/triple bond between carbons

    Comparing Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

    Saturated HydrocarbonUnsaturated Hydrocarbon
    CombustionProduce less sootProduce more soot
    Reaction with bromine waterThe brown colour of bromine remain unchangedDecolourise the brown colour of bromine
    Reaction with potassium manganate(VII) solutionThe purple colour of potassium manganate (VII) solution remain unchangedDecolourise the purple colour of potassium manganate (VII) solution

    Sources of Hydrocarbon:

    The main sources of hydrocarbons are
    1. Coal
    2. Natural gas
    3. Petroleum

    Combustion of Hydrocarbon

    All hydrocarbons undergo combustion with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (or carbon monoxide/carbon) and water. There are 2 types of combustion:
    1. Complete combustion – organic compounds burn completely which form CO2 and H2O
    2. Incomplete combustion– organic compounds burn with limited supply of O2 which form C (soot), CO, CO2 and H2O.

    Example

    Complete combustion

    C2H6 + 7/2 O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O

    C3H6 + 9/2 O2 → 3CO2 + 3H2O

    Incomplete combustion

    C2H6 + 5/2 O2 → 2CO + 3H2O

    C2H6 + 3/2 O2 → 2C + 3H2O


    C3H6 + 3O2 → 3CO + 3H2O

    C3H6 + 3/2 O2 → 3C + 3H2O

    Note:

    1. The soot from the combustion of a hydrocarbon depends on the percentage of carbon it contains.
    2. Higher carbon percentage in the hydrocarbon molecule will result sootier flame.

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