SPM Form 5 Chemistry

01 Redox Equilibrium
1.1 Oxidation and reduction
9 Topics | 12 Quizzes
1.1.1 Redox Reaction in Terms of Gain and Loss of Oxygen/Hydrogen
1.1.1.1 Oxidation and Reduction in Term of Gain or Loss Oxygen/Hydrogen – T/F
1.1.1.2 Oxidation and Reduction in Term of Gain or Loss Oxygen/Hydrogen MCQ
1.1.2 Redox Reaction in Terms of Transfer of Electron
1.1.2.1 Oxidation and Reduction in Term of Gain or Loss Electron MCQ
1.1.3 Redox Reaction in Terms of Change of Oxidation Number
1.1.3.1 Oxidation Number MCQ
1.1.3.2 Change of Oxidation Number MCQ
1.1.3.3 Oxidation and Reduction in Term of Change of Oxidation Number MCQ
1.1.4 Redox Reaction
1.1.4.1 Redox Reaction MCQ
1.1.4.2 Commonly Used Oxidising Agent and Reducing Agent MCQ
1.1.5 Examples of Redox Reaction – Change of Iron(II) Ion to Iron(III) Ion and Vice Versa
1.1.5.1 Inter-conversion of Fe2+ and Fe3+ MCQ
1.1.6 Examples of Redox Reaction – Displacement of Metal
1.1.6.1 Displacement Reactions of Metals MCQ
1.1.7 Examples of Redox Reaction – Displacement of Halogen
@1.1.7.1 Displacement Reaction Halogen MCQ
1.1.8 Transfer of Electrons from One Point to Another
@1.1.8.1 Transfer of Electrons from One Point to Another MCQ
9.1 Oxidation and Reduction
1.2 Standard electrode potential
2 Topics | 1 Quiz
1.2.1 Standard Electrode Potential
@1.2.1.1 The Electrochemical Series MCQ
9.2 Standard Electrode Potential
1.3 Voltaic cell
4 Topics | 2 Quizzes
1.3.1 Voltaic Cell – Simple Cell
1.3.2 Daniel Cell
1.3.3 Cell with Salt Bridge
9.3 Chemical Cells (Voltaic/Galvanic Cells)
@1.3.1 Voltaic Cell 1 MCQ
@1.3.2 Voltaic Cell 2 MCQ
1.4 Electrolytic cell
8 Topics | 3 Quizzes
1.4.1 Electrolytic Cell
1.4.2 Electrolysis of Molten Ionic Compound
1.4.3 Electrolysis of Aqueous Solution
1.4.4 Factors Affecting the Selective Discharge – Electrochemical Series
1.4.5 Factors Affecting the Selective Discharge – Concentration
1.4.6 Factors Affecting the Selective Discharge – Types of Electrode
1.4.7 Industrial Applications of Electrolysis
9.4 Electrolytic Cells
@1.4.1 Electrolytes MCQ
@1.4.2 Electrolysis MCQ
@1.4.3 Applications of Electrolysis MCQ
1.5 Extraction of metal from its ore
5 Topics | 1 Quiz
1.5.1 Series of Reactivity of Metals
1.5.2 Position of Carbon in The Series of Reactivity of Metals
1.5.3 Position of Hydrogen in The Series of Reactivity of Metals
1.5.4 Extraction of Metals from Their Ores
9.5 Extraction of Metals from Their Ores
@1.5.1 Reactivity Series MCQ
1.6 Rusting
3 Topics | 1 Quiz
1.6.1 Corrosion as a Redox Reaction
1.6.2 Prevention of Rusting
9.6 Corrosion
@1.6.1 Rusting MCQ
02 Carbon Compounds
2.1 Types of carbon compounds
3 Topics | 1 Quiz
2.1.1 Carbon Compound
2.1.2 Hydrocarbon
10.1 Types of carbon compounds
@2.1.1 Carbon Compounds
2.2 Homologous series
11 Topics | 3 Quizzes
2.2.1 Homologous Series
2.2.2 Alkane
2.2.3 Physical Properties of Alkanes
2.2.4 Alkene
2.2.5 Physical Properties of Alkenes
2.2.6 Alcohol
2.2.7 Physical Properties of Alkohols
2.2.8 Carboxylic Acid
2.2.9 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
2.2.10 Ester
10.2 Homologous Series
@2.2.1 Alkanes
@2.2.2 Alkenes
@2.2.3 Alcohols
2.3 Chemical properties and interconversion of compounds between homologous series
11 Topics | 4 Quizzes
2.3.1 Chemical Properties of Alkanes
2.3.2 Preparing Alkene
2.3.3 Chemical Properties of Alkenes
2.3.4 Polymerisation of Alkenes
2.3.5 Differences Between Alkane and Alkene
2.3.6 Preparing Alkohol
2.3.7 Chemical Properties of Alkohol
2.3.8 Uses of Alcohols
2.3.9 Preparing Carboxylic Acids
2.3.10 Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
10.3 Chemical Properties and Interchangeability Between Homologous Series
@2.3.1 Reactions of Alkenes 1
@2.3.2 Reactions of Alkenes 2
@2.3.3 Reactions of Alcohols
@2.3.4 Carboxylic Acids
2.4 Isomers and naming based on IUPAC nomenclature
4 Topics | 1 Quiz
2.4.1 Isomerism
2.4.2 Isomerism of Alkenes
2.4.3 Isomers of Alcohol
10.4 Isomers and Naming According to IUPAC Nomenclature
@2.4.1 Isomers
03 Thermochemistry
3.1 Heat change in reactions
6 Topics | 1 Quiz
3.1.1 Energy Changes in Chemical Reaction
3.1.2 Exothermic Reactions
3.1.3 Endothermic Reactions
3.1.4 Energy Level Diagram
3.1.5 Energy Changes and Formations of Chemical Bonds
11.1 Heat Changes in Reactions
@3.1.1 Change of Energy in Chemical Reaction
3.2 Heat of reaction
8 Topics | 4 Quizzes
3.2.1 Heat of Reaction
3.2.2 Calculating Heat Change
3.2.3 Finding Heat of Reaction
3.2.4 Heat of Precipitation
3.2.5 Heat of Displacement
3.2.6 Heat of Neutralization
3.2 Mole Concept
11.2 Heat of Reaction
@3.2.1 Heat of Reaction
@3.2.2 Heat of Precipitation
@3.2.3 Heat of Displacement
@3.2.4 Heat of Neutralisation
3.3 Application of exothermic and endothermic reactions in daily life
1 Topic
11.3 Applications of Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions in Daily Life
04 Polymers
4.1 Polymer
6 Topics | 1 Quiz
4.1.1 Polymer
4.1.2 Polymerisation
4.1.3 Plastics
4.1.4 Synthetic Fibre
4.1.5 Issues in Using Synthetic Polymers
12.1 Polymers
@4.1.1 Synthetic Polymers
4.2 Natural rubber
2 Topics
4.2.1 Natural Rubber
12.2 Natural Rubber
4.3 Synthetic rubber
2 Topics
4.3.1 Synthetic Rubber
12.3 Synthetic Rubber
05 Consumer and Industrial Chemistry
5.1 Oils and fats
2 Topics
5.1.1 Fats and Oils
13.1 Oils and Fats
5.2 Cleaning agents
7 Topics | 2 Quizzes
5.2.1 Soap
5.2.2 Cleaning Effect of Soaps
5.2.4 Detergent
5.2.5 The Making of Detergent
5.2.6 Effectiveness of Detergent
5.2.7 Additive in Detergent
13.2 Cleaning Agents
@5.2.1 Soap
@5.2.2 Detergent
5.3 Food additives
6 Topics | 1 Quiz
5.3.1 Food Additive
5.3.2 Preservative
5.3.3 Colorants/Dyes
5.3.4 Stabilizer
5.3.5 Flavouring Agent and Sweeteners
13.3 Food Additives
@5.3.1 Food Additive
5.4 Medicines and cosmetics
1 Topic | 2 Quizzes
13.4 Medicines and Cosmetics
@5.4.1 Medicine 1
@5.4.2 Medicine 2
5.5 Application of nanotechnology in industry
2 Topics
5.5.1 Application of nanotechnology in industry
13.5 Nanotechnology
5.6 Application of Green Technology in industrial waste management
2 Topics
5.6.1 Application of Green Technology in industrial waste management
13.6 Green Technology
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2.2.1 Homologous Series

SPM Form 5 Chemistry 2.2 Homologous series 2.2.1 Homologous Series

Homologous Series

    1. A series of compounds with similar chemical properties, in which members differ from one another by the possession of an additional CH2 group, is called a homologous series.
    2. Each homologous series must have the following four characteristics:
      1. Every member in the homologous series can be represented by a common formula. For example:
        1. Alkane: CnH2n+2
        2. Alkene: CnH2n
        3. Alcohol: CnH2n+1OH
        4. Carboxylic acid : CnH2n+1COOH
        5. Ester: CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1
      2. Every member differ from others by the group -CH2– which has the relative mass 14. For example:
      1. Members of the same homologous series can be prepared through one common method. For examples, All alkenes can be prepared by dehydration of relevant alcohols.

Preparing Ethene (Dehydration of ethanol):

C2H5OH → C2H4 + H2O

Preparing Propene (Dehydration of propanol)

C3H7OH → C3H8 + H2O

    1. Members of the homologous series have the same chemical properties. For example:All alkenes show addition reaction as added into bromine.

Functional Group

Functional group is a group of atoms tied together which will take part in a chemical reaction therefore determine the chemical properties of the series.
  1. Members of the same homologous series have the same chemical properties because of the presence of a common functional group in all the molecules of the series.
  2. Functional group is a group of atoms tied together which will take part in a chemical reaction therefore determine the chemical properties of the series.
  3. Therefore, the homologous series is a family of organic compound that is made out of members with common functional group, common chemical properties, and consecutive members are differ by one carbon atom and two hydrogen atom, namely, –CH2-.
  4. Table below shows some homologous series and their respective general formula and functional group.
 
Carbon Compounds General Formula Functional group
Alkane CnH2n+2 Carbon-carbon single bond – C – C –
Alkene CnH2n Carbon-carbon double bond – C = C –
Alcohol CnH2n+1OH Hydroxyl group – OH
Carboxylic Acids CnH2n+1COOH Carboxyl group – COOH
Esters CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1 Carboxylate group – COO –
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