SPM Form 4 Chemistry

01 Introduction to Chemistry
1.1 Development of the Field of Chemistry and Its Importance in Life
1 Topic
1.1 Development of the Field of Chemistry and Its Importance in Life
1.2 Scientific Investigations in Chemistry
1 Topic
1.2 Scientific Investigations in Chemistry
1.3 Use, Management and Handling of Apparatus and Chemical Substances
1 Topic
1.3 Use, Management and Handling of Apparatus and Chemical Substances
02 Matter and the Atomic Structure
2.1 Basic Concepts of Matter
7 Topics | 2 Quizzes
2.1.1 Element and Compound
2.1.2 Three States of Matter
2.1.3 Inter-conversion between the States of Matter
2.1 4 Heating Curve
2.1.5 Cooling Curve
2.1 6 Melting Point, Boiling Point and the State of Matter
2.1 Basic Concepts of Matter
2.1.1 Matter 1
2.1.2 Matter 2
2.2 The Development of the Atomic Model
2 Topics
2.2.1 History of Development of the Model of Atom
2.2 Development of the Atomic Model
2.3 Atomic Structure
5 Topics | 2 Quizzes
2.3.1 Modern Atomic Model
2.3.2 The Charge of Particles
2.3.3 Proton Number and Nucleon Number
2.3.4 Electron Arrangement in Atom
2.3 Atomic Structure
2.3.1 The Structure of Atom
2.3.2 Electrons Arrangement
2.4 Isotopes and Its Uses
2 Topics | 1 Quiz
2.4.1 Isotopes
2.4 Isotopes and Their Uses
2.4.1 Isotopes
03 The Mole Concept, Chemical Formula and Equation
3.1 Relative Atomic Mass and Relative Molecular Mass
3 Topics | 1 Quiz
3.1.1 Relative Atomic Mass
3.1.2 Relative Molecular Mass
3.1 Relative Atomic Mass and Relative Molecular Mass
3.1.1 Relative Atomic Mass and Relative Molecular Mass
3.2 Mole Concept
6 Topics | 4 Quizzes
3.2.1 Concept of Mole
3.2.2 Number of Mole and Number of Particles
3.2.3 Number of Mole of Atoms and Number of Mole of Molecules*
3.2.4 Number of Mole and Mass of a Substance
3.2.5 Number of Mole and Volume of Gas
3.2 Mole Concept
3.2.1 Concept of Mole
3.2.2 Molar Mass of Substances
3.2.3 Molar Volume of Gases
3.2.4 Number of Mole of Solute
3.3 Chemical Formula
7 Topics | 1 Quiz
3.3.1 Empirical Formula
3.3.2 Molecular Formula
3.3.3 Percentage of Mass*
3.3.4 Formula of Ions
3.3.5 Formula of Ionic Compounds
3.3.6 Formula of Molecules
3.3 Chemical Formula
3.3.1 Chemical Formulae
3.4 Chemical Equation
2 Topics | 1 Quiz
3.4.1 Chemical Equation*
3.4 Chemical Equations
3.4.1 Chemical Equations
04 The Periodic Table of Elements
4.1 Introduction to Periodic Table
5 Topics | 1 Quiz
4.1.1 History of Development of Periodic Table
4.1.2 Modern Periodic Table
4.1.3 Periodic Table and Electron Arrangement
4.1 Development of the Periodic Table of Elements
4.1 Arrangement of Elements in the Modern Periodic Table
4.1.1 Introduction to Periodic Table
4.2 Group 18 Elements
2 Topics | 1 Quiz
4.2.1 Group 18 Elements – Noble Gases
4.2.2 Uses of Group 18 Elements
4.2.1 Group 18 Elements
4.3 Group 1 Elements
6 Topics | 1 Quiz
4.3.1 Group 1 Elements – Alkali Metals
4.3.2 Chemical Properties of Group 1 Elements
4.3.3 Reaction of Alkali Metals with Chlorine
4.3.4 Reaction of Alkali Metals with Oxygen
4.3.5 Reaction of Alkali Metals with Water
4.3 Elements in Group 1
4.3.1 Group 1 Elements
4.4 Group 17 Elements
7 Topics | 1 Quiz
4.4.1 Group 17 Elements – Halogens
4.4.2 Physical Properties of Group 17 Elements
4.4.3 Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements
4.4.4 Reaction of Halogens with Water
4.4.5 Reaction of Halogens with Metals
4.4.6 Reaction of Halogens with Sodium Hydroxide
4.4 Elements in Group 17
4.4.1 Group 17 Elements
4.5 Period and Transition Metal
4 Topics | 1 Quiz
4.5.1 Transition Metals
4.5.2 Elements in Period 3
4.5 Elements in Period 3
4.5 Transition Elements
4.5.1 Period and Transition Metals
05 Chemical Bond
5.1 Basics of Compound Formation
6 Topics | 2 Quizzes
5.1.1 Stability of Noble Gases
5.1.2 Chemical Bond
5.1.3 Formation of Ion
5.1.4 Formation of Positive Ions
5.1.5 Formation of Negative Ions
5.1 Basics of Compound Formation
5.1.1 Formation of Compounds
5.1.2 Formation of Ions
5.2 Ionic Bond
3 Topics | 1 Quiz
5.2.1 Ionic Bonding
5.2.1 Predicting the Formula of Ionic Compound
5.2 Ionic Bonds
5.2.1 Ionic Bonding
5.3 Covalent Bond
4 Topics | 1 Quiz
5.3.1 Covalent Bonding
5.3.2 Covalent Compounds – Number of Bonds
5.3.3 Predicting the Molecular Formula of Covalent Compounds
5.3 Covalent Bonds
5.3.1 Covalent Bonding
5.4 Hydrogen Bond
2 Topics
5.4.1 Hydrogen Bond
5.4 Hydrogen Bonds
5.5 Dative Bond
2 Topics
5.5.1 Dative Bond
5.5 Dative Bond
5.6 Metallic Bond
2 Topics
5.6.1 Metallic Bond
5.6 Metallic Bond
5.7 Properties of Ionic Compounds and Covalent Compounds
4 Topics
5.7.1 Physical Properties – Ionic Compounds
5.7.2 Physical Properties of Covalent Compounds
5.7.3 The Macromolecular Compounds
5.7 Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
06 Acids, Bases and Salts
6.1 The Role of Water in Showing Acidic and Alkaline Properties
7 Topics
6.1.1 Acids
6.1.2 Basicity of Acids
6.1.3 Physical Properties of Acids
6.1.4 Bases
6.1.5 Physical Properties of Alkali
6.1.6 Role of Water to Show Properties of Acids
6.1 The Role of Water in Showing Acidity and Alkalinity
6.2 pH Value
2 Topics
6.2.1 pH Scale
6.2 pH Value
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4.3.4 Reaction of Alkali Metals with Oxygen

SPM Form 4 Chemistry 4.3 Group 1 Elements 4.3.4 Reaction of Alkali Metals with Oxygen

Alkali Metals React with Oxygen

  1. Group 1 metals react with oxygen gas produces metal oxides. These metal oxides dissolve in water produces alkalis.

    Group 1 Metals + Oxygen Gas → Metal Oxide

  2. Lithium, sodium and potassium form white oxide powders after reacting with oxygen.
  3. The white powder is the oxide of lithium, sodium and potassium.
  4. When the white powder is dissolved in water, it produces a solution which turned red litmus paper blue. Which means, these oxides dissolve in water to form strong alkali.
  5. The reactivity increases down the group from lithium, sodium to potassium.

Example

Lithium + Oxygen

4Li + O2→ 2Li2O

Dissolve in water

Li2O + H2O → 2LiOH

Observation
Lithium burns with red flame and produces white powder immediately after reaction.

Sodium + Oxygen

4Na + O2→ 2Na2O

Dissolve in water

Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH

Observation
Sodium burned with bright yellow flame, forming white powder immediately after reaction.

Potassium + Oxygen

4K + O2→ 2K2O

Dissolve in water

K2O + H2O → 2KOH

Observation
Potassium burned with very bright purplish flame, forming white powder immediately after reaction.

Solubility of the Oxide, Hydroxide and Salt of Alkali Metals

  1. All the oxide and hydroxide of group 1 metal are soluble in water to form an alkali solution.
  2. All the salts (salt of chloride, nitrate, sulphate, carbonate….) of group 1 metals are soluble in water. The solutions formed are neutral.
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