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Ethanol can be made by fermentation, which involves using yeast to break down sugar.
The optimal temperature for fermentation to produce ethanol is between 40°C and 50°C.
Enzymes in yeast are destroyed if the fermentation temperature is too high.
The balanced chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂.
Fractional distillation is used to concentrate ethanol after fermentation.
Ethanol can also be produced from ethene and steam in an addition reaction.
The reaction to produce ethanol from ethene requires a catalyst and high pressure.
Fermentation is a fast and continuous process for producing ethanol.
Producing ethanol from ethene is more energy-intensive compared to fermentation.
Ethanol produced from fermentation uses renewable resources.