Month: April 2014

4 SPM Form 5 Physics Mind Map Formulae List – Chapter 3

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Click on the image to enlarge.

The image above shows the formulae that students need to know in Malaysia SPM Physics syllabus in Mind Map form. You may click on the image to enlarge it for a better view. You may also download and print it out for further reference.

Electromagnetism if the third chapter in SPM Form 5 Physics. Not many calculation in this chapter. Most of the calculation questions are related to transformer. Questions related to the root mean square voltage and current rarely come out in exam.

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4 Transmission of Electricity

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Q: Why the voltage is stepped up before transmitting electricity over a long distance?

A: Stepping up the voltage can reduce the current in the cable. This reduces the power loss in the cable during transmission.

[This image is shared by its author Aatu Liimatta in Wikipedia Image. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.5 License.]

Problems Involving Electricity Transmission.

  1. Power Loss During Transmission.
  2. The high voltage transmission cable is very dangerous.
  3. The cost of the cables is high.
  4. Charge leakage may happen between cables and earth.
  5. Pylons may be struck by lightning.
  6. Pylons and cables may be struck by light aircraft.

     

    4 Sources of Energy Used to Generate Electricity – Wind Energy

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    Wind Power[This image is shared by Wagner Christian. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.5 License. ]

    Advantages

    The advantages of using wind as a source of energy to generate electricity are.

    1. It is renewable energy.
    2. It does not pollute the environment.
    3. It is suitable for the mountain area because the wind speed in the mountain area is relatively high.

    Disadvantages

    The disadvantages of using wind as a source of energy are.

    1. A large area is needed to build the windmills.
    2. The windmills will produce a high level of noise.
    3. The power generated is inconsistent due to the inconsistent of the wind speed and wind direction.

    4 Sources of Energy Used to Generate Electricity – Biomass

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    1. Biomass is biological material derived from living organisms such as wood and animal waste.
    2. As a renewable energy source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel.
    3. Heat energy produced from the burning of biomass can be used to generate electricity.

    Advantages

    1. It is renewable energy.
    2. Using biomass to generate electricity can reduce the disposal of organic waste.
    3. Liquid biofuels will not pollute the air because they are lead-free and sulphur-free.

    Disadvantages

    1. Large storage space is required to store the biomass.
    2. Land utilization can be considerable. Can lead to deforestation.
    3. The overall process can be expensive

    4 Sources of Energy Used to Generate Electricity – Nuclear Power

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    Nuclear Power

    Advantages

    The advantages of using nuclear energy as a source of energy to generate electricity are.

    1. The nuclear fuel such as uranium and plutonium has high energy capacity. A small amount of uranium can produce a huge amount of energy.
    2. Nuclear energy does not pollute the air.

    Disadvantages

    The disadvantages of using nuclear energy as a source of energy are.

    1. Hazardous radioactive waste is produced during a nuclear reaction.
    2. The radioactive waste will cause pollution in a very large area if leakage happens in the nuclear power plan.
    3. The cost to maintain a nuclear plant is very high.
    4. Building a nuclear plant involving very high technology. Only a few countries own such technology.